Microorganisms are small, living creatures which are invisible to our naked eye. Hence they are are also known as microorganisms or microscopic organisms. These organisms can be unicellular or multicellular. Among all microorganisms, some are more beneficial and harmless, while others harmful and disease-causing pathogens.Food Industry and Beverages

The role of microorganisms in food preparation and beverage manufacturing is known for ages. They are used in the manufacture of bread, curd, wine, and alcohol etc.Lactobacillusbacteria are responsible for the curd formation. They multiply and convert milk into curd. Another example is Yeast which is used commercially for alcohol and wine production. The process is called fermentation. Yeast is also used in baking industries for the preparations of bread and cakes.

Micro-flora

Bacteria are not only present outside the human body, they live inside the body too. This aggregate collection of microorganisms that is present on the human body is termed as Microflora.

Bacteria are also present in the gut and they aid the process of digestion by releasing certain enzymes. They live in symbiotic relationship with a human. Other roles of microflora are vitamin K production which is crucial in enabling blood clotting. They also prevent the invasion of the body by other fatal microbes.

Pharmaceutical Industry

Antibiotics go hand in hand withmicrobesin the medical field. Typically, antibiotics are obtained from a weakened form of an otherwise harmful microorganism. This is then injected into the body and the body learns to fight off the diseases caused by these organisms. Examples of this include mumps and the measles.

Environment

In the environment, microorganisms have two vital roles- one is an enhancement of soil fertility another is cleaning. Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Clostridium are few examples of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria which play a primary role in transforming atmospheric nitrogen into inorganic compounds which are then used by the plants. Without this process, the vast majority of the nitrogen present in the atmosphere becomes unusable.

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