Answer:

how to reduce soil pollution

Reduce toxic materials. ...

Recycle waste materials. ...

Buy organics PRODUCTS, especially organic cleaners, PESTICIDES, insecticides and fertilizers. ...

Avoid littering. ...

Take initiative to inform others about the harmful effects of littering. ...

Improve fertility of the land by reforesting.

Explanation:

The toxic substances that are deposited on the earth's surface harm our health and well-being and affect food, water and air quality. The most important effects of soil pollution according to IPBES and the FAO are indicated below:

Damage to health

Soil pollutants enter our body through the food chain, causing illnesses to appear. Moreover, the spread of antibiotics in the environment increases the pathogens' resistance to these drugs.

Poorer harvests

Soil pollution agents jeopardise world food security by reducing the AMOUNT and quality of harvests.

Climate change

In the first decade of the 21st century, soil degradation released between 3.6 and 4.4 billion tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere.

Water and air pollution

Soil degradation affects the quality of air and water, particularly in developing countries.

Population displacement

Soil degradation and climate change will have driven between 50 and 700 million people to EMIGRATE by 2050.

Species EXTINCTION

Soil contamination is one of the main causes that could trigger the sixth mass extinction event in history — the population of land vertebrates fell by 38 % between 1970 and 2011

Desertification

The number of inhabitants in the most arid areas of the earth could account for 45 % of the world's population in 2050, while world wetland areas have decreased in size by 87 % over the last three centuries.

Economic impact

Global economic losses caused by soil degradation are expected to exceed 10 % of the world's annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP).