(a) Exfoliation : When the rock consists of homogeneous minerals the thin surface layer of rock absorbs heat during the day and expands, while during the night, this surface layer contracts. In a few days the rock breaks up or peels off into layers. This type of weathering is called exfoliation. 

(b) Regolith : The loose material which has resulted from the breaking down of bed rocks is called Regolith. 

(c) Oxidation : The Atmospheric oxygen combines with minerals of rocks especially iron compounds to fonn oxides. The rocks begin to decay and crumble to a powdered mass of brown dust. This process is known as oxidation. 

(d) Carbonation : The process of absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by minerals present in the rocks is called carbonation. 

(e) Weathering : The disintegration or decay of rocks on the surface of the Earth due to atmospheric conditions is called weathering. 

(f) Humus : The organic matter present in the soil is called humus. 

(g) Soil profile : The vertical cross section of soil is called soil profile. 

(h) Landslide : Sudden movement of weathered particles down the slope is known as landslide. 

(i) Soil texture : Soil textures refers to size of the particles comprising the soil. 

(j) Gradation : The process of erosion, transportation and deposition of rock material is called deposition. 

(k) Frost action : The freezing of water in the cracks and openings of rocks during the night leading to the splitting up of the rocks is called frost action.