What does PCR stand for? Describe the different steps of PCR.

1.	What does PCR stand for? Describe the different steps of PCR.
Answer» PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction or gene amplification is the method of making multiple copies of the gene of interest using oligonucleotides and DNA polymerase. Different steps of PCR are as follows: (i) Denaturation : The target DNA is heated to a high temperature of 94° — 96°C. This results in the separation of two strands. Each strand serves as a template for DNA synthesis. (ii) Annealing: The two oligonucleotide primers are hybridized or annealed to each single-stranded DNA following rule of complementarity. It is caused at low temperature of 40° – 60°C. (iii) Extension (Polymerisation) : With the help of Tag DNA polymerase, the DNA is synthesized the primers using dNTPs and magnesium ions. The temperature is 72°C. (iv) The newly synthesized DNA is subjected to same procedure to double the DNA content from the previous cycle.

Answer»

PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction or gene amplification is the method of making multiple copies of the gene of interest using oligonucleotides and DNA polymerase.

Different steps of PCR are as follows:

(i) Denaturation : The target DNA is heated to a high temperature of 94° — 96°C. This results in the separation of two strands. Each strand serves as a template for DNA synthesis.

(ii) Annealing: The two oligonucleotide primers are hybridized or annealed to each single-stranded DNA following rule of complementarity. It is caused at low temperature of 40° – 60°C.

(iii) Extension (Polymerisation) : With the help of Tag DNA polymerase, the DNA is synthesized the primers using dNTPs and magnesium ions. The temperature is 72°C.

(iv) The newly synthesized DNA is subjected to same procedure to double the DNA content from the previous cycle.

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