Industrialisation is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation. As industrial worker’s incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment: and economic growth.

The first country to industrialise was the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution commencing in the 18th century.

The four impacts of industrialisation on the environment are: 

1. The use of factories and mass production has led to depletion of certain natural resources, leaving the environment permanently damaged. One example of this is deforestation, which is the clearing of forest trees for use in production. When the trees are cleared, the wildlife in the forest also becomes uprooted.

2. Factories are emitting poisonous emissions and eliminating the source of oxygen. The pollution that has resulted from factories involves not only airborne emissions but land and water pollution as well. 

3. The primary issue resulting from pollution and carbon emissions from industries is that of global warming. As the temperature rises, the glaciers are melting and oceans are rising. More animal species are becoming endangered or extinct as a result of global warming. 

4. The human health problems that have resulted directly from the industrial revolution’s accomplishments have only been disastrous for the world environment. The mass production of man-made and chemically altered food has also contributed to worldwide obesity and health problems.