What is primary wall, secondary wall and tertiary wall?

1.	What is primary wall, secondary wall and tertiary wall?
Answer» (1) Primary wall : A young plant cell forms a single layer of wall material. This layer is known as the primary cell wall. The primary wall is thin, elastic and capable of expansion in a growing cell. It grows by intussusception. Meristematic and parenchymatous cells have primary cell wall only. The cells of leaves and fruits too have only primary wall. It has more hemicellulose and less cellulose.(2) Secondary wall : In mature cell, more layers of wall material are added internal to the primary wall. These are called the secondary cell wall. Growth by addition of new wall material on the primary wall is called accretion. It has more cellulose and less hemicellulose. The secondary wall is thick and rigid. It usually consists of three layers, which are often named S1, S2 and S3. It is found in collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells, xylem vesseles.(3) Tertiary wall : Sometimes tertiary wall is laid down on secondary wall, e.g., tracheids of gymnosperms. It is composed of cellulose and xylan.

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