1.

What is the difference between:(a) Modern explanation and Arrhenius explanation for the theory of electrolysis:(b) electrolytic dissociation and ionization :(c) A cation and an anion,

Answer»

(a) Difference between Modern explanation and Arrhenius explanation for the theory of electrolysis: Arrhenius considered that water ionizes electrolytes but Modern theory explained that electrolytes are ionic even in solid state and their ions are held by strong electrostatic forces which make them immobile. Water renders these ions mobility by breaking the electrostatic forces. 

(b) Difference between electrolytic dissociation and ionization :

 Ionization  Dissociation                              
1. Formation of positively or negatively charged ions from molecules which are not initially in the ionic state. 1. Separation of ions which are already present in an ionic compound.
2. Polar covalent compounds show ionization. e.g. HCl, H2CO3, NH4OH etc.2. Electrovalent compounds show dissociation. e.g. Potassium chloride, lead bromide, etc.

(c) A cation and anion:

                  Cation             Anion              
1. Are positively charged ions.1. Are negatively charged ions.
2. Migrate to cathode during electrolysis.2. Migrate to anode during electrolysis.
3. Gain electron from the cathode and get reduced to become a neutral atom.3. Lose electrons to the anode and get oxidized to become a neutral atom.

(d) Electrolytic dissociation and thermal dissociation: Electrolytic dissociation is the dissociation of an electrovalent compound into ions in the fused state or in aqueous solution state. Thermal dissociation: Reversible breakdown of a chemical compound into simpler substances by heating it. The splitting of ammonium chloride into ammonia and hydrogen chloride is an example. On cooling, they recombine to form the salt.


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