tion:The Harappan civilization is known as the earliest civilization of south-Asia subcontinent. It flourished during third second millennium B.C. It covers an appreciably larger area than the early dynastic Egypt or Sumer. Like other ci vilization Harappan civilization seems to have grown out of the skillful exploitation of the rivers valley resources in the north -western region of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. The Harappan sites provided evidences of systemic town planning, fortificati ons, elaborate drainage system, granaries etc. which throw light on the surplus economy, standardization of brick size, weight and measures, geometric instruments, linear scales and plumb-bobs. The Harappans were the first who gave the IDEA of the welfare of workers for the first time by establishing separate workers. Which now has become a necessity in welfare state. A unique type of hydraulic architecture is another legacy of the Harappan civilization. The Harappan people constructed their houses on immense platforms of mud or mud bricks. The Harappan cities were equipped with numerous wells, bathrooms and an intricate system of drains. The elites who lived in different parts of the cities did not constructed elaborate centralized places or temples as was common in Mesopotamia and Egypt, but they maintained well planned cities with massive walls and gateways to protect the citizens and to control trade. The evidence found during 185 excavations revealed that the Harappan civilization EVOLVED from local culture that had its roots, extending back thousands of years to the earliest fa rming and pastoral communities. Harappan civilization was spread over vast area. Its SETTLEMENT RUNS broadly from Sutkagendor in Makran (Pakistan) in the west to Hulas in District Saha ranpur U.P. (India) and Rehman Dheri (North Pakistant) in the north, Diamabad in Maharashtra (India) in the south and covers about 2,17,557 SQ. km. Kenoyer estimated it about 6,80,000 sq. km. The earliest civilization of south-Asia is known as Indus Valley Civilization because a large number of sites were discovered in the Indus valley. The term Indus civilization was given by Sir John Marshall in 1926. The south Asian archaeologist S.P. Gupta called it Indus Saraswati or Saraswati (Hakra) civilization. He discovered a large number of Harappan sites in the Saraswati (Hakra) and its tributaries region.