Explanation:

Red Soil:

• It is the largest soil group in India.
• The main parent rocks are crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
• These soils are poor, gravelly, and porous.
• They are rich, deep dark, and fertile in lower areas.
• They are acidic due to the nature of the parent rock.
• The red color is due to the presence of Iron Oxide.

Laterite soil:

• These soils are leaching intense leaching due to tropical rains.
• As heavy rains leach lime and silica, soil reach in Iron oxide and aluminum compound are left behind.
• These soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, and calcium.
• Iron oxide and potash are in excess in the soil.
• Hence laterite soils are not suitable for cultivation.
• The application of manure and fertilizers makes these soils fertile for cultivation.

Black soil:

• Black soils are high compressibility, low bearing capacity, low shearing strength.
• The black color of the soil is due to the presence of titaniferous magnetite, compounds of iron and aluminum, hummus, etc.
• It riches in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime but is poor in nitrogen and phosphorous.
• These are very fertile and soil texture.
• It is excessive retention of moisture.
• This soil is suitable for leguminous crops like cotton, citrus fruits, millets, wheat, tobacco, sugarcane.