With reference to the Rise of Dictatorships and the Second World War,

1.	With reference to the Rise of Dictatorships and the Second World War, answer the following: (a) Sate any three reasons for the Rise of Fascism in Italy.(b) Explain any three consequences of World War II.(c) Name the two rival blocs that fought against each other during World War II and state its signatory countries.
Answer» (a) 1. First World War: The war had caused a great economic strain on Italy’s economy 1. Thousands of soldiers, discharged from army, were unemployed after the war. 2. There was a steep price rise and inflation in the country. 3. There were frequent strikes as the workers were dissatisfied which led to reduction in production. 2. Political instability : In 1919, a Parliamentary Government, based on male adult franchise, was introduced in Italy for the first time. But the electorates failed to give a clear majority to any political party. There came series of short-lived coalition governments in Italy, with neither consistency nor continuity in the policies. These governments were unable to deal effectively with the frequent strikes and riots in the country. 3. Mistreatment after the War : Italy had joined the First World War on the side of Britain and France in 1915. She hoped to get large territories such as Trentino, Trieste, Istria, Fiume, Coastal regions of Dalmatia, Albania and some parts of Germany and Turkey after their victory. But the Paris Peace Treaties gave her nothing from the defeated German and Turkish empires. So among the Italians a feeling developed that they “had won the war, but lost the peace”. Italians felt badly cheated by their War-time Allies. (b) (i) Though England and France were victors, their status and economic position was lowered. The large scale production, minimum loss during the war and possession of atom bomb made the USA as one of the Super Powers of the world. Another Super Power was the Soviet Union. (ii) The USA : By using the atom bomb to crush Japan, she emerged as a super military and economic power. (iii) The Soviet Union : The Russian empire was greatly expanded. It included half of Poland, Ethunia, Latavia, Lithuania, Finland and many parts of Germany. It also emerged as a dominant power in world politics and occupied position of a leader of the Communist Bloc. Two Power Blocs emerged after the Second World War. They were: • The American Bloc • The Soviet Bloc (iv) The horrors of the two World Wars and failure of the League of Nations forced the Allied powers to create another body by the name of the United Nations Organisation. The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945 with its headquarters at the New York, the USA to save the coming generation from the scourge of another War. (c) American bloc and Soviet bloc Countries : 1. American Bloc: USA, British, France 2. Soviet Bloc: Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania

With reference to the Rise of Dictatorships and the Second World War, answer the following: (a) Sate any three reasons for the Rise of Fascism in Italy.(b) Explain any three consequences of World War II.(c) Name the two rival blocs that fought against each other during World War II and state its signatory countries.

Answer»

(a) 1. First World War: The war had caused a great economic strain on Italy’s economy

1. Thousands of soldiers, discharged from army, were unemployed after the war.

2. There was a steep price rise and inflation in the country.

3. There were frequent strikes as the workers were dissatisfied which led to reduction in production.

2. Political instability : In 1919, a Parliamentary Government, based on male adult franchise, was introduced in Italy for the first time. But the electorates failed to give a clear majority to any political party. There came series of short-lived coalition governments in Italy, with neither consistency nor continuity in the policies. These governments were unable to deal effectively with the frequent strikes and riots in the country.

3. Mistreatment after the War : Italy had joined the First World War on the side of Britain and France in 1915. She hoped to get large territories such as Trentino, Trieste, Istria, Fiume, Coastal regions of Dalmatia, Albania and some parts of Germany and Turkey after their victory. But the Paris Peace Treaties gave her nothing from the defeated German and Turkish empires. So among the Italians a feeling developed that they “had won the war, but lost the peace”. Italians felt badly cheated by their War-time Allies.

(b) (i) Though England and France were victors, their status and economic position was lowered. The large scale production, minimum loss during the war and possession of atom bomb made the USA as one of the Super Powers of the world. Another Super Power was the Soviet Union.

(ii) The USA : By using the atom bomb to crush Japan, she emerged as a super military and economic power.

(iii) The Soviet Union : The Russian empire was greatly expanded. It included half of Poland, Ethunia, Latavia, Lithuania, Finland and many parts of Germany. It also emerged as a dominant power in world politics and occupied position of a leader of the Communist Bloc. Two Power Blocs emerged after the Second World War.

They were:

• The American Bloc

• The Soviet Bloc

(iv) The horrors of the two World Wars and failure of the League of Nations forced the Allied powers to create another body by the name of the United Nations Organisation. The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945 with its headquarters at the New York, the USA to save the coming generation from the scourge of another War.

(c) American bloc and Soviet bloc Countries :

1. American Bloc: USA, British, France

2. Soviet Bloc: Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania

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