(а) Britishers introduced Enghsh education as some Indians with English education were needed to work at the lower levels of administration. But it became one of the most important factors in the promotion of national consciousness. 

(i) It brought the advanced knowledge of the world to the people of India. Because of this, Indian leaders themselves made efforts for the spread of English education. 

(ii) Knowdedge of Enghsh proved to be a boon as the young men educated through Enghsh medium were introduced to the liberal ideas of the west, such as freedom, democracy and nationalism. They were highly impressed by the teachings of Garibaldi, Mazzini, Rousseau etc. 

(iii) As India wras a very vast country with different languages, Enghsh was a common language and proved to be a hnk language through which people living in different regions began to communicate. So, English was responsible for the unification of such a vast country. 

(iv) The educated Indians played a leading role in spreading nationalistic ideas. They also started many religious and social reform movements which helped in uniting the Indians. It was through these movements that they came to know about their pohtical rights. 

(b) (i) He condemned evil customs like sati, purda, child-marriage, forced widowhood, polygamy, female infanticide and discrimination against women. 

(ii) He began a struggle against the caste distinctions, prevailing in the society including the evil of untouchability. 

(iii) Raja Ram Mohan Roy laid the foundation of an English school and spread of education of modern subjects, so that western knowledge could come within the reach of Indian students. 

(c) (i) Introduction of railways in India revolutionised the socio-economic life of the people. Beside, communication became quicker and journeys more comfortable and cheaper. 

(ii) The telegraph and postal system provided by the British proved helpful to organize an all India movement which otherwise would have been impossible. 

(iii) The Railway network spread throughout India helped to fight famines and thus surplus produce of one area could be transported to famine stricken area rapidly. This raised the economic status of the people and give them courage to fight for their rights.