1]carbonyl group2]The polar carbon-to-oxygen double BOND causes aldehydes and ketones to have higher boiling points than those of ethers and alkanes of similar molar masses but lower than those of comparable alcohols that engage in intermolecular hydrogen bonding.3]Aldehyde group is -CHO. Due to the presence of the hydrogen, the aldehyde can only be present at the terminal of the alkyl chain, or else it will become a ketone if placed in between. So, since aldedhydic group can only be placed at either ends of the chain, no position isomerism is observed.4].When calcium acetate is distilled alone acetone is formed : CA(OOCCH  3 ​   )  2 ​     distill ​   CaCO  3 ​   +CH  3 ​   COCH  35]The Rosenmund reduction is a hydrogenation process in which an acyl chloride is selectively reduced to an aldehyde. The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund who first reported it. So, benzoyl chloride is reduced to benzaldehyde in presence of Pd−BaSO  4 ​    and H  2 6]2CH3COCl  +  Cd(CH3)2  ------------------->    2CH3COCH3  + CdCl27]CH RAISED TO 3---- CH SQUARE --------- CO ----CH RAISED TO 3 BUTANOIC8]Addition of water to ACETYLENE compounds is CATALYSED by Aqueous H2SO4 and HgSO4. When acetylene is treated with 1% HgSO4 and dil H2SO4, vinyl alcohol is obtained which tautomerizes to acetaldehyde9]C6H5CH [OCOCH3]210]The characteristic reaction of aldehydes and ketones is addition across the carbon-oxygen double bond. Because of polarization of the carbonyl bond, the carbon atom of the carbonyl group becomes electron-deficient, acquiring a partial positive charge.11]Propanone is sterically more hindered than propanal due to presence of alkyl group on both side of carbonyl carbon making them less reactive towards nucleophilic attack as both methyl group have electron releasing tendency due to +I effect.12]The reaction of acetaldehyde with HCN followed by hydrolysis gives a product which exhibits. Geometrical isomerism. Solution : Lactic acid is formed13]When aldehydes are treated with two equivalents of a monohydric alcohol in the presence of dry HCl gas, hemiacetals are produced that further react with one more molecule of alcohol to yield acetal14] Ketones undergo reduction with magnesium amalgam (Mg−Hg) followed by its hydrolysis to yield vicinal diols (having OH groups on adjacent carbon atoms). When acetone undergoes this reaction then the product formed is known as pinacol. CH  3 ​   −  O ∣∣ C ​    ​   −CH  3 ​     H  +  → Mg−Hg  ​   CH  3 ​   −  OH ∣ C ​    ​    ∣ ​    CH  3 ​    ​   −  OH ∣ C ​    ​    ∣ ​    CH  3 ​    ​   −CH  3 15] In Wolff-Kishner reduction carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones is converted into methylene group. Aldehydes or ketones are heated with hydrazine and KOH or ptoassium tert butoxide in ethylene glycol to forms alkanes. R−C(O)−R  ′   (i)H  2 ​   N−NH  2 ​   ,H  2 ​   O (ii)KOH/ethylene glycol,Δ ​   R−CH  2 ​   −R  ′ +N  2 16] Fehling solution A is a blue aqueous solution of copper(II) sulphate, while Fehling solution B is a clear and colorless solution of aqueous sodium potassium tartarate (also known as Rochelle salt) and a strong ALKALI (commonly NaOH).Explanation: MARK AS BRAINLY LIST PLS BRO