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1.Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.2. Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.3. How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain |
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Answer» (1) Communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India. This can be seen through the following points. (i) The Chipko Movement, which was conducted in the Himalayas, has successfully resisted deforestation in several areas. It showed community afforestation with indigenous species to be successful. (ii) The Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri district of Uttarakhand conserved local seed diversity and forests, defending small farmers and promoting traditional agriculture and knowledge systems. (iii) In the Sariska wildlife sanctuary in Rajasthan, villages have fought against mining activities taking place nearby by citing the Wildlife Protection Act. (2) Conservation of forest and wildlife was prevalent as nature worship is common among tribal communities and in village, e.g. tulsi plants and banana leaves. Such cultural beliefs helped preserve the plant and animal species. Large - scale people's movement like the Chipko Movement in Uttarakhand and the Narmada Bachao Andolan in Madhya Pradesh indicate involvement of local communities in conserving forests and wildlife. Thus, all conservation practises and programmes should be eco-friendly, people friendly, and economically acceptable. Developmental projects undertaken by the government should not be at the cost of destruction of forests and loss of people's livelihoods. (3) The human activities that have been major causes for the depletion of flora and fauna, are:- (i) Agricultural expansion (ii) Shifting cultivation (Jhum), a type of slash and burn agriculture. (iii) Large-scale developmental projects. (iv) Mining activities. |
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