1.

( 1 s ) ^ { 2 } ( 2 s , 2 p ) ^ { 8 } \quad ( 3 s , 3 p ) ^ { 8 } ( 3 d ) ^ { 1 } \quad ( 4 s ) ^ { 2 }

Answer»

effective charge is Z - e , where Z = 21 ignore the 4s electron as it is ahead of 3d

and e is. 0*0.35 ( for 0 d electrons beside the 1 that we are calculating ) + 1*18 ( other 18 electron at the back)

so, e = 18

and Z-e = 21-18 =3



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