1.

(1) What is a spontaneous process? (2) What are its characteristics?

Answer»

(1) Spontaneous process : It is defined as a process that takes place on its own or without the intervention of the external agency or influence. For example, expansion of a gas or flow of a gas from higher pressure to low pressure or a flow of heat from higher temperature to lower temperature.

(2) Characteristics :

  • It occurs on its own and doesn’t require external agency.
  • It proceeds in one direction and can’t be completely reversed by external stimulant.
  • These processes may be fast or slow. 
  • These processes proceed until an equilibrium is reached. 


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