Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language.

Polymorphism, in biology, a discontinuousgenetic variation resulting in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species. A discontinuousgeneticvariation divides the individuals of a population into two or more sharply distinct forms.

Translation refers to the process of creating proteins from an mRNA template. The sequence of nucleotides on the RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins and this reaction is carried out by ribosomes.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data.

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