2). Xenogamy is the type of pollination in which the transfer of pollen from one flower take place to the stigma of the flower on another plant. Papaya is a unisexual plant in which male and female flowers are present on different plants. Hence, the plant can exhibit xenogamy only. 

3). Amniocentesis is a procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus for testing or treatment. Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects a baby during pregnancy. This fluid contains fetal cells and various proteins.

4). Apomixis in flowering plants is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development.

5). A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides.

6). Central dogma is the process in which the genetic information flows from DNA to RNA, to make a functional product protein.