Artificial propagation of plants include these four main processes:

Grafting:This process involves joining the shoot system of a plant (known as scion) to the root system of another plant (known as the stock). The two are joined where the sizes (diameter) of the scion and stock are very close. They are both cut diagonally and placed facing each other. They are then taped and left to heal with time.

Cutting:Plants such as roses and sugarcane can be cut at the points of nodes and internodes. These points are then placed in moist soils. After some time, adventitious roots develop at the points and new plants begin to grow.Thee are many types of cutting techniques, grouped into three categories: Stem, leaf and root cutting. Stem cuttings include hardwood, semi-hardwood, and softwood cutting. Leaf-cutting include leaf blade cutting, leaf vein cutting, leaf bud cutting and leaf edge cutting. The third category is root cutting.

Layering:In some plants like raspberries, the stem can be bent and buried in the soils around the plant. After some time, adventitious roots develop off the stem. This part of the stem is known as the layer. The stem can then develop into a new plant.

Tissue Culture:In this modern technique, tissue scrapped from the parent plant is placed in a special growing medium and under certain conditions. The tissue is nourished from the nutrients in the medium until new plants are produced. Orchids, Chrysanthemum and Asparagus are examples of plants cultivated with tissue culture.