A village health worker was taking a session with women. She tells the

A village health worker was taking a session with women. She tells the women that one has to be very careful while using oral pills as method of birth control. Wrong usage can actually promote conception.(a) Analyze the statement and compare the merits and demerits of using oral pills and surgical methods of birth control. (b) Village women were confused as to how a thin metallic Copper loop can provide protection against pregnancy. justify the use explaining the mode of action of IUDs.

Answer»

	Contraceptive pills	Surgical method
Merits	Pills are effective with lesser side effects and well accepted by females. Reversible method	Surgical intervention block gamete transport. Highly e{fective
Demerits	If not taken on right days they can promote conception. Can have side effects if taken for a long time.	Not Reversible Can affect health of a person if performed in unhygienic condition

(b) Mode of action of IUDs

(i) Increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.

(ii) Cu⁺⁺released suppress sperms motility/fertility capacity of sperm.

(iii) Hormone releasing IUDs make uterus unsuitable for implantation / cervix hostile to the sperms.