(a) What is a homologous series ? Explain with an example.(b) State tw

1.	(a) What is a homologous series ? Explain with an example.(b) State two characteristics of a homologous series.(c) The molecular formula of an organic compound is C18H36 . Name its homologous series.(d) What is meant by ‘heteroatom’? Give examples. Write the names and formulae of two organic compounds containing different heteroatoms.
Answer» (a) A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having similar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by CH₂ group. Example of Homologous series: All the alkanes have similar structures with single covalent bonds and show similar chemical properties, so they can be grouped together in the form of a homologous series. Homologous series of alkanes: Methane, CH₄ ; Ethane, C₂H₆ ; Propane, C₃H₈ ; Butane, C₄H₁₀ ; Pentane, C₅H₁₂ (b) (i) All the members of the homologous series can be represented by the same general formula. (ii) Any two adjacent homologues differ by 1 carbon atom and 2 hydrogen atoms in their molecular formulae. (c) Alkene, C_nH_2n (d) In an organic compound, any atom other than carbon and hydrogen is called a heteroatom. Example: Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Oxygen (O) Chloromethane – CH₃Cl and methanol – CH₃OH

(a) What is a homologous series ? Explain with an example.(b) State two characteristics of a homologous series.(c) The molecular formula of an organic compound is C18H36 . Name its homologous series.(d) What is meant by ‘heteroatom’? Give examples. Write the names and formulae of two organic compounds containing different heteroatoms.

Answer»

(a) A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having similar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by CH₂ group.

Example of Homologous series: All the alkanes have similar structures with single covalent bonds and show similar chemical properties, so they can be grouped together in the form of a homologous series. Homologous series of alkanes: Methane, CH₄ ; Ethane, C₂H₆ ; Propane, C₃H₈ ; Butane, C₄H₁₀ ; Pentane, C₅H₁₂

(b) (i) All the members of the homologous series can be represented by the same general formula.

(ii) Any two adjacent homologues differ by 1 carbon atom and 2 hydrogen atoms in their molecular formulae.

(d) In an organic compound, any atom other than carbon and hydrogen is called a heteroatom. Example: Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Oxygen (O) Chloromethane – CH₃Cl and methanol – CH₃OH

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