1.

(a). Write the contributions of the following scientists in deciphering the genetic code George Gamow; Hargobind Khorana; Marshall Nirenberg; Severo Ochoa (b). State the importance of a genetic code in protein biosynthesis.

Answer»

(a) George Gamow: He proposed that the Genetic code is constituted of 3 nucleotides. He provided proof that the codon is a triplet. 

Hargobind Khorana: He synthesized RNA molecule with a defined combination of bases (homopolymers and copolymers). 

Marshall Nirenberg: He gave Cell free system for protein synthesis and helped in the genetic code to be deciphered. 

Severo Ochoa: He described enzyme (Polynucleotide phosphorylase) which polymerises RNA with defined sequence in a template independent manner (enzymatic synthesis of RNA). 

(b) Genetic code - Codes for a specific amino acid which is required for protein synthesis / provides information about the specific amino acid that form a particular protein / polypeptide.



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