Account for the following – 1. t-butyl chloride reacts with aqueous

1.	Account for the following – 1. t-butyl chloride reacts with aqueous KOH by SN1 mechanism while n-butyl chloride reacts with SN2 mechanism. 2. p-dichlorobenzene has higher melting point than those of o-and m-dichlorobenzene.
Answer» 1. In t-butyl chloride, there is niore steric hindrance and it involves formation of a stable tertiary carbocation. Therefore it reacts with KOH by S_N1 mechanism rather than S_N2 mechanism because S_N1 mechanism is faourable in case of steric crowding and is directly proportional to partial positive charge on carbon atom. In n-butyl chloride, there is least steric hindrance and involves formation of less stable primary carbocation. Thus it takes place in one step and is favoured by S_N² mechanism. 2. Melting point of p – dichiorobenzene is higher than that of ortho and meta-dichiorobenzene. This is due to the fact that is has a symmetrical structure and therefore, its molecules can easily pack closely in the crystal lattice. p-dichlorobcnzene being more symmetrical fits closely in the crystal lattice and has stronger intermolecular attraction than o & m isomers. So p-isomer has high melting point than the corresponding o & m-isomers

Account for the following – 1. t-butyl chloride reacts with aqueous KOH by SN1 mechanism while n-butyl chloride reacts with SN2 mechanism. 2. p-dichlorobenzene has higher melting point than those of o-and m-dichlorobenzene.

Answer»

1. In t-butyl chloride, there is niore steric hindrance and it involves formation of a stable tertiary carbocation. Therefore it reacts with KOH by S_N1 mechanism rather than S_N2 mechanism because S_N1 mechanism is faourable in case of steric crowding and is directly proportional to partial positive charge on carbon atom. In n-butyl chloride, there is least steric hindrance and involves formation of less stable primary carbocation. Thus it takes place in one step and is favoured by S_N² mechanism.

2. Melting point of p – dichiorobenzene is higher than that of ortho and meta-dichiorobenzene. This is due to the fact that is has a symmetrical structure and therefore, its molecules can easily pack closely in the crystal lattice. p-dichlorobcnzene being more symmetrical fits closely in the crystal lattice and has stronger intermolecular attraction than o & m isomers. So p-isomer has high melting point than the corresponding o & m-isomers

Account for the following – 1. t-butyl chloride reacts with aqueous KOH by SN1 mechanism while n-butyl chloride reacts with SN2 mechanism. 2. p-dichlorobenzene has higher melting point than those of o-and m-dichlorobenzene.

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