Account for the following:(i) Direct nitration of aniline yields signi

1.	Account for the following:(i) Direct nitration of aniline yields significant amount of meta derivative.(ii) Primary aromatic amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
Answer» (i) In strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the anilinium ion which is meta directing. (ii) Aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide.

Account for the following:(i) Direct nitration of aniline yields significant amount of meta derivative.(ii) Primary aromatic amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

Answer»

(i) In strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the anilinium ion which is meta directing.

(ii) Aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide.

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Account for the following:(i) Direct nitration of aniline yields significant amount of meta derivative.(ii) Primary aromatic amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

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