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Answer»  Decline in agricultural production due to climate change - Outbreak of famine in many parts of Europe
 - The continuous occurrence of plague, known as ‘Black Death’ wiped off nearly half of the population of Europe.
 - The crusades shattered many of the feudal lords.
 - The monopoly of gun powder enabled the kings to suppress feudal lords.
 - The new middle class that emerged as a result of the growth of trade also helped the rulers to subdue the feudal lords.
 - The outbreak of many peasant revolts and wars in different parts of Europe weakened the lords and strengthened the authority of the kings.
  
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