(i) All plants, animals and human beings depend on their immediate surroundings. They are also interdependent on each other. This relation between the living organisms as well as the relation between the organism and their surroundings form an ecosystem.
(ii) Natural environment consists of land, water, air, plants and animals. Thus, natural environment refers to both biotic (plants and animals) and abiotic (land) conditions that exist on the earth.
(iii) The major components of the environment are—natural (land, air, water, living things), human made (buildings, parks, bridges, roads, industries, monuments, etc.) and human (individual, family, community, religion, educational, economic, etc).
(iv) Four examples of human-made environment—buildings, parks, bridges and roads.
(v) Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It is an irregular surface with various land forms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc.
(vi) Plants and animals are the two major components of biotic environment,
(vii) Biosphere is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life. Thus, plant and animal kingdom together make biosphere, ie., the living world.

ecology:- the study of the relationship of living organism and non living environment.

Natural environment means the condition of air, water, land and other things surrounding.

The basic components of the environment are atmosphere or the air, lithosphere or the rocks and soil, hydrosphere or the water, and the living component of the environment or the biosphere.

Human made environment examples are dams, roads, vehicles, power plants industries.

lithosphere means the rocks and soil

the two major components of biotic components are plants and animals.

the biosphere is define as where the living organism lives .