In 1949, the Communist revolution took place in China. India was among the first nations to recognize the People’s Republic of China. In 1954, India and China signed the Panchsheel Agreement and India also recognised Chinese suzerainty on Tibet. The main hindrances in Sino- Indian relations are -

1. 1962 Indo-China war and 2017 Dokhlam skirmish. 

2. Border disputes in Aksai Chin and NEFA region. 

3. China has been critical of India offering political asylum to the Dalai Lama. 

4. Chinese support to Pakistan. 

5. India’s apprehensions about China’s Belt and Road Initiative.

On the positive side India-China relationship has improved.

1. Agreement on maintenance of peace and tranquility along the LOC. 

2. China has become among the largest trading partners of India.

3. India and China are part of BRICS and SCO. 

4. In the late 1990s, Russia mooted the idea of a Trilateral Summit of Russia, China, India which was a recognition of India’s status as a major regional power.