Calculate the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the followi

1.	Calculate the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the following species. (i) Phosphorus atom (ii) Phosphide ion (P3-) (iii) Magnesium ion (Mg2+)Mass number : P = 31, Mg = 24Atomic numbers : P = 15, Mg = 12
Answer» (i) Phosphorus atom Number of electrons = Atomic number = 15 Number of protons = Atomic number = 15 Number of neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 31 - 15 = 13. (ii) Phosphide ion (P^3-). Phosphide ion (P^3-) = Phosphorus atom + 3 electrons P^3-= P + 3e^- Thus, phosphide ion has same number of protons and neutrons as phosphorus atom but has three electrons more. Number of electrons = 15 + 3 = 18 Number of protons = 15 Number of neutrons = 31 - 15 = 16 (iii) Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) Mg²⁺ ion is formed by the loss of two electrons by Mg atom. Therefore, it has two electrons less than the number of electrons is Mg atom. Number of electrons = 12 - 2 = 10 Number of protons = 12 Number of neutrons = (24 - 12) = 12

Calculate the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the following species. (i) Phosphorus atom (ii) Phosphide ion (P3-) (iii) Magnesium ion (Mg2+)Mass number : P = 31, Mg = 24Atomic numbers : P = 15, Mg = 12

Answer»

(i) Phosphorus atom

Number of electrons = Atomic number = 15

Number of protons = Atomic number = 15

Number of neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 31 - 15 = 13.

(ii) Phosphide ion (P^3-).

Phosphide ion (P^3-) = Phosphorus atom + 3 electrons

P^3-= P + 3e^-

Thus, phosphide ion has same number of protons and neutrons as phosphorus atom but has three electrons more.

Number of electrons = 15 + 3 = 18

Number of protons = 15

Number of neutrons = 31 - 15 = 16

(iii) Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺)

Mg²⁺ ion is formed by the loss of two electrons by Mg atom. Therefore, it has two electrons less than the number of electrons is Mg atom.

Number of electrons = 12 - 2 = 10

Number of protons = 12

Number of neutrons = (24 - 12) = 12

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