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Calculate the solubility of AgCl , Fe(OH)_3 Ag_2SO_4 and Hg_2Br_2 from their solubility products. K_(sp)(AgCl)=1.8xx10^(-10) ,K_(sp)[Fe(OH)_3]=1.0xx10^(-38), K_(sp)[Ag_2SO_4]=1.4xx10^(-5), K_(sp)=(Hg_2Br_2)=5.6xx10^(-23) .Also calculate the solubilities of salts in gL^(-1)and molarities of the ions.

Answer»

SOLUTION :(i)`AgCl(s) hArr Ag^(+)(aq)+Cl^(-)(aq)`
`K_(sp)=1.8xx10^(-10)`
Let solubility be s moles per litre. Then the CONCENTRATION of various species at equilibrium are :
`[Ag^+]=s, [Cl^-]=s`
`K_(sp)=[Ag^+][Cl^-]=sxxs`
`1.8xx10^(-10)=s^2`
`therefore s=(1.8xx10^(-10))^(1//2) =1.34xx10^(-5) "mol L"^(-1)`
Solubility in g `L^(-1)=1.34xx10^(-5)xx143.5`
`=1.92xx10^(-3) gL^(-1)`
`[Ag^+]=s=1.34xx10^(-5) "mol L"^(-1)`
`[Cl^-]=s=1.34xx10^(-5) "mol L"^(-1)`
(ii)For `Fe(OH)_3 : K_(sp)=1.0xx10^(-38)`
`Fe(OH)_3 hArr Fe^(3+) + 3OH^-`
If solubility is s , then
`[Fe^(3+)]=s, [OH^-]=3s`
`K_(sp)=[Fe^(3+)] [OH^-]^3`
`1.0xx10^(-38)=sxx(3s)^3=27s^4`
`27s^4=1.0xx10^(-38)`
`s^4=(1.0xx10^(-38))/27`
or `s=((1.0xx10^(-38))/27)^(1//4)`
`=1.39xx10^(-10) "mol L"^(-1)`
Solubility in g `L^(-1) =1.39xx10^(-10)xx106.5`
`=1.48xx10^(-8) g L^(-1)`
`[Fe^(3+)]=s=1.39xx10^(-10) "mol L"^(-1)`
`[OH^-]=3s=3xx1.39xx10^(-10)`
`=4.17xx10^(-10) "mol L"^(-1)`
(iii)For `Ag_2SO_4 : K_(sp)=1.4xx10^(-5)`
`Ag_2SO_4 hArr 2Ag^(+) + SO_4^(2-)`
If solubility is s , then
`[Ag^+]=2s, [SO_4^(2-)]=s`
`K_(sp)=[Ag^+]^2 [SO_4^(2-)]`
`1.4xx10^(-5) =(2s)^2 (s)`
`1.4xx10^(-5)=4s^3`
or `s^3=(1.4xx10^(-5))/4`
`s=((1.4xx10^(-5))/4)^(1//3)`
`=1.52xx10^(-2) "mol L"^(-1)`
Solubility in `gL^(-1) =1.52xx10^(-2) xx312`
`=4.74 g L^(-1)`
`[Ag^+]=2s=2 xx 1.52xx10^(-2)`
`=3.04xx10^(-2) "mol L"^(-1)`
`[SO_4^(2-)]=s=1.52xx10^(-2) "mol L"^(-1)`
(iv)For `Hg_2Br_2 , K_(sp) = 5.6xx10^(-23)`
`Hg_2Br_2 hArr Hg_2^(2+)+ 2Br^-`
If solubility is s, then
`[Hg_2^(2-)]=s, Br^(-)=2s`
`K_(sp)=(s)(2s)^2`
`5.6xx10^(-23)=4s^3`
or `4s^3 =5.6xx10^(-23)`
`s=((5.6xx10^(-23))/4)^(1//3)`
=`2.41xx10^(-8) "mol L"^(-1)`
Solubility in g `L^(-1) = 2.41xx10^(-8) xx360.4`
`=8.68xx10^(-6) gL^(-1)`
`[Hg_2^(2+)]=2.41xx10^(-8)`
`[Br^-]=2xx2.41xx10^(-8)`
`=4.82xx10^(-8)` M


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