Can I have any energy transfer as heat transfer that is 100% available

1.	Can I have any energy transfer as heat transfer that is 100% available?
Answer» By definition the possible amount of work that can be obtained equals the exergy (availability). The maximum is limited to that out of a reversible heat engine, if constant T then that is the Carnot heat engine W = (1 − To/T)Q So we get a maximum for an infinite high temperature T, where we approach an efficiency of one. In practice you do not have such a source (the closest would be solar radiation) and secondly no material could contain matter at very high T so a cycle process can proceed (the closest would be a plasma suspended by a magnetic field as in a tokamak).

Can I have any energy transfer as heat transfer that is 100% available?

Answer»

By definition the possible amount of work that can be obtained equals the exergy (availability). The maximum is limited to that out of a reversible heat engine, if constant T then that is the Carnot heat engine

W = (1 − To/T)Q

So we get a maximum for an infinite high temperature T, where we approach an efficiency of one. In practice you do not have such a source (the closest would be solar radiation) and secondly no material could contain matter at very high T so a cycle process can proceed (the closest would be a plasma suspended by a magnetic field as in a tokamak).

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