Answer:

Chapter 1 of CBSE Class 10 History deals with many of the issues visualised by

Sorrieu and will look at the diverse processes through which nation-states and

nationalism came into being in nineteenth-century Europe. The topics covered in this

chapter are Rise of Nationalism in Europe, French Revolution, Nationalism and

Imperialism. CBSE Class 10 Social Science History Notes Chapter 1 - The Rise of

Nationalism in Europe are prepared by our subject matter experts. By going through

these notes, students can get a good grip and a clear insight into all the essential

concepts. These CBSE notes will help students to understand the chapter in a better

way. It works as the best revision resource during board exams.

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Frédéric Sorrieu vision of World

Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, in 1848 prepared a series of four prints visualising his

dream of a world made up of democratic and Social Republics.

1. The first print shows the people of Europe and America marching in a long train and

offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass it. The torch of Enlightenment

was carried by a female figure in one hand and the CHARTER of the Rights of Man in

the other.

2. On the earth in the foreground lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist

institutions.

3. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the people of the world are grouped as distinct nations,

identified through their flags and national costume.

4. The procession was led by the United States and SWITZERLAND, followed by France

and Germany. Following the German people are the people of Austria, the Kingdom

of the Two Sicilies, Lombardy, Poland, England, Ireland, Hungary and Russia.

5. From the heavens above, Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene. They

have been used by the artist to symbolise fraternity among the nations of the world.

During the nineteenth century, nationalism emerged as a force which brought huge

changes in the political and mental world of Europe. The END result of these changes was

the emergence of the nation-state.

The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation

1. In 1789 Nationalism came with French Revolution and the political and constitutional

changes led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French

citizens. Various measures and PRACTICES were introduced such as the ideas of la

patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen). A new French flag, the tricolour

CBSE Notes Class 10 Social Science History

Chapter 1 – The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

was to replace the former one.

2. Democracy destroyed in France by Napoleon and the Civil Code of 1804 known as

Napoleonic Code did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality

before the law and secured the right to property.

The Making of Nationalism in Europe

Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose

rulers had their autonomous territories.

The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class

The Aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent politically and socially. The

majority of the population was made up of the peasantry. Industrialisation began in  

CBSE Notes Class 10 Social Science History

Chapter 1 – The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

England in the second half of the eighteenth century. New social groups came into being: a

working-class population and middle classes made up of industrialists, businessmen,

professionals.

What did Liberal Nationalism Stand for?

1. The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free. The right to vote

and to get elected was granted exclusively to property-owning men. Men without

property and all women were excluded from political rights.

2. In 1834, a customs union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and

joined by most of the German states. The union abolished tariff barriers and

reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.

A New CONSERVATISM after 1815

1. In 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.

Conservatives believed in monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and

that the family should be preserved.

2. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of

feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.

3. In 1815, representatives of the European powers – Britain, Russia, Prussia and

Austria met in Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe.

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