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Chemical equilibrium, explain by example of 'chemical reaction'. |
Answer» Solution :(A) Example of Synthesis of ammonia : The chemical equilibrium can be demonstrated in the synthesis of ammonia by Haber.s process. In a series of experiments , Haber started with known amounts of dinitrogen and dihydrogen maintained at high temperature and PRESSURE and at REGULAR intervals determined the amount of ammoniapresent . He was successful in determining also the concentration of unreacted dihydrogen and dinitrogen .It is shown in following figure. (B) Example of decomposition of hydrogen iodide (HI) : If we start with equal initial concentration of `H_2` and `I_2` the reaction proceeds in the forward direction and the concentration of `H_2` and `I_2` decreases while that of HI increases until. After some time concentration of all (of `H_2 ,I_2`, HI) become constant and it reach to equilibrium . `H_(2(g)) + I_(2(g)) hArr 2HI_((g))` ...(iii) At the same temperature we can take only HI and make the reaction to proceed in the reverse direction, the concentration of HI will decrease and of `H_2` and `I_2` will INCREASE. After some time concentration of all `(H_2, I_2, H_1)` will reach constant and equilibrium SITUATION formed. `2HI_((g)) hArr H_(2(g)) + I_(2(g))`...(iv) "Equilibrium can attain from any of the side while reaction."  In starting, `H_2` and `I_2` are reactant not products. At equilibrium all are components. If in forward and backward reaction at definite temperature he no. of atoms H and I in constant volume be same then both will give equilibrium mixture. |
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