Mauryan Society:

1. According to Megasthenes, the Greek historian, the ancient Mauryan society comprised of seven divisions namely philosophers, farmers, soldiers, herdsmen, artisans, magistrates and councillors which were referred to as castes.

2. In the ancient Mauryan society, the cultivators formed the largest group becoming the central nerve of agriculture in society.

3. The caste system was very prevalent one. 

4. Women were also engaged in a variety of activities like archers, royal bodyguards, spies and performers. But women were most of the times dominated by their male counter parts.

5. Wisdoms had a very honorable place in society. Offenses against women were severally dealt with.

6. An urban way of life developed. Education became fairly wide spread.

7. Slavery in India was beginning to make the appearance.

Gupta Society: 

1. The society was adhered to four vama system. 

2. According to laws of Manu, which was in force, women should be under the protection of their father, husband or eldest son.

3. Polygamy was widely prevalent.

4. The kings and the feudatory lords often had more than one wife.

5. Inscriptions refer to Kubernaga and Dhruvasvamini as the queens of Chandragupta II. 

6. Sati was practised during the Gupta rule.