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Conclusion of chapter the central islamic land

Answer» what a perfect way of answering a question<br>In this chapter, we have examined the origins and meteoric development ofIslam - both the religion and the community. The great power of Muhammad\'steachings enabled the creative but fragmented Arab tribes to unify and expandacross three continents in an astoundingly brief period.During the reigns of the first four caliphs and the century of theUmayyad Dynasty (661-750), great strides were made in annexing new territoriesand peoples. But the Umayyad Dynasty was based on a ruling hierarchy of Arabs,and the resentment that set the Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) on a new throne inBaghdad.During the early Abbasid period Islam reached the high point of itsgeographical expansion and cultural achievements, extending from Spain acrossthree continents to east Asia. Unparalleled prosperity evolved from acombination of successful trade, industry, and agriculture. But the Muslimswere not able to maintain an integrated empire; despite a religious unity -which still exists - politically the empire broke up into smaller Muslimstates.The Muslims were especially gifted in science, literature, andphilosophy. Muslim intellectual life was in large part the product of a geniusfor synthesizing varying cultures, and the diffusion of this knowledge was atremendous factor in the revival of classical learning and the coming of theRenaissance in Europe.Ironically, while the arts and learning were beginning to thrive in theWest, Islamic civilization itself declined. Various reasons have been advancedfor this phenomenon, including the influx of semibarbarous peoples intoIslamic lands, intellectual inflexibility resulting from rigid adherence tothe Koran\'s sacred law, and the despotic and eventually corrupt rule of suchMuslim dynasties as the Ottomans in Turkey, who destroyed most progressivepolitical and economic movements.Islam remains a powerful force in the world today. Its believersencompass the most highly educated scholars and unscholared peasants. TheIslamic community, likewise, is made up of leading industrialized societies aswell as nations just emerging from colonialism. The message of faith and theunity of communalism under Islam are powerful influences which will continueto play a part in world politics. Islam has begun its fifteenth century as oneof the world\'s most influential religious and social forces. Present-day Islamstill derives great meaning from the teachings of Muhammad and the communityhe and his disciples constructed. The power of the ancient message still playsa dominant role in the modern world.


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