The correct answer is All are correct.

• Article 368: "Parliament may in the exercise of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in this article."

• 25th Amendment Act, 1971 -  Fundamental Right to Property was curtailed.
• 31st Amendment Act, 1972 - Lok Sabha seats were increased from 525 to 545.
• 61st  Amendment Act, 1989 - The voting age was decreased from 21 to 18.
• Hence, all pairs are correct.

​

• There are three ways in which the Constitution can be amended:-
  • Amendment by a simple majority of the Parliament
  • Amendment by a special majority of the Parliament
  • Amendment by a special majority of the Parliament and the ratification of at least half of the state legislatures.
• Amendment by a simple majority-
  • Admission or establishment of new states, Formation of new states, Rules of procedure in Parliament, Salaries and Allowances, etc are covered under this.
• Amendment by the special majority-
  • The special majority- a majority of 2/3rd members present and voting supported by more than 50% of the total strength of the house.
  • The provisions which can be amended by this way include (i) Fundamental Rights; (ii) Directive Principles of State Policy; and (iii) All other provisions which are not covered by the first and third categories.
• Amendment by a special majority of the Parliament and the ratification of at least half of the state legislatures-
  • Those provisions of the Constitution which are related to the federal structure of the polity can be amended by this.
  • For instance, the election of the president, distribution of legislative powers between union and states, any of the lists in the seventh schedule, etc.

• 25th Amendment Act, 1971 Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property. However, the Supreme Court quashed a part of Article 31C, to the extent it took away the power of judicial review.
• This was done in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. the State of Kerala.
• The 44th Amendment Act eliminated the right to acquire, hold and dispose of the property as a fundamental right. However, in another part of the Constitution, Article 300 (A) was inserted to affirm that no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.