A) With its roots medi-, meaning "middle", and ev-, meaning "age", medieval literally means "of the Middle Ages". In this case, middle means "between the Roman empire and the Renaissance"—that is, after the fall of the great Roman state and before the "rebirth" of culture that we call the Renaissance.Examples of primary sources are as follows: ARTEFACTS, documents, diary, autobiography, etc. The LITERARY WORKS of the medieval periods which include the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. Archaeological remains of Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empireb)  The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. ... This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity.c) the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the earth or another planet occupied by living organisms.d) Al Beruni was the First Muslim Scholar to study India and its Brahmanical tradition. He is called father of Indology and the first anthropologist.e) all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and SOMETIMES including WATER over the earth's surface, such as clouds.please mark me as Brainliest