E.A. Bogardus Identified the following elements by community. Geographical area or locality and community sentiments are considered as the essential elements of community. They are also considered as characteristics of community.

(a) Locality or geographical area: A community is a territorial group. It always occupies some geographic area. Locality is the physical basis of a community, locality Means- “a group of people of people became a community only when it starts to reside permanently in a definite locality.

In contract with society a community is more or less locally limited. Living together facilitates people to develop social contacts, gives fulfill their common interests. In community physical conditions may influence peoples social life, family, religion, belief, employment etc.

(b) Community sentiment: Community sentiment: “a feeli9ng of belongingness towards, or “a kind of conscious identification with the local group.” Community sentiment makes . the people share their joys and sorrows and brings social integrity in them. Common interests and similar life styles awaken community sentiments in people.

Other Characteristics of community:

1. Stability or relative Permanence: A community is not temporary group like a crowd or a mob. It includes a permanent life in a definite territory. As a along as there is life on the earth, people continue to reside permanently all through their life in the communities. 

2. Naturalness: Communities are normally established in a natural way. They are not deliberately created. They are not made by planned efforts. The members of a community are the individual who are bom in a community. As people live over a period of time in a particular territory naturally the community feeling develops.

3. Size of the community: Community has no certain size. A community may be big or small. A village is small community where as a city is a big one. A city and a village may be included in a wider community called the district. Hence there are communities within communities. Nation as a big community, may include communities like, Village, towns cities etc