ECOSYSTEMS

In 1935, the British ecologist A.G.Tansley coined the term “eco system”. 

• The term “eco system” is made up of two Greek words. “Eco” means ecological sphere(or) place of living while “system” means “group of organisms joined in regular and interdependent manner. 
• A group of organisms interacting among themselves and with environment is known as ecosystem. (OR) 
• A system of interaction of organisms with their surroundings (i.e., environment) is called as “ecosystem”. Examples: Pond, lake, ocean, forest and desert…. etc are some of the examples of the ecosystems.

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM:

The ecosystem can be generally classified into two types:

1. Natural Ecosystem

2. Artificial Eco system

1. NATURAL ECOSYSTEM:

A natural ecosystem is developed and governed by nature. These are capable of operating and maintaining themselves without any major interference by man. The following are the two types of natural ecosystem based on their habitat.

1. Terrestrial Ecosystem.

2. Aquatic Ecosystem.

1) Terrestrial Ecosystem:

This ecosystem is related to land.

Examples: Grassland ecosystem. Forest ecosystem, and Desert ecosystem etc.

2) Aquatic Ecosystem:

This ecosystem is related to water, it is further sub divided into two types based on salt content.

i. Fresh Water Ecosystem:

a. Running Water Ecosystems Examples: Rivers, streams (small narrow rivers)

b. Standing Water Ecosystems Examples: Pond, lake & well, etc

ii. Marine Ecosystem:

Examples: seas and sea shores

2. MAN MADE (OR) ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEM:

An artificial ecosystem is created and maintained by man for his different needs. Examples: Reservoirs, Artificial lakes and gardens, etc.