There is need for an organization whenever groups of people work together to reach common goals. Thus, in essence, organization is a group of individuals with a common goal, bound together by a set of authority-responsibility relationships. One of the functions of management is to coordinate available resources of an organization for effective operations.

Thus, organizing is the management FUNCTION that establishes relationships between activity and authority. It refers to four distinct activities :

1. It determines work activities that are to be to done to achieve organizational goals.
2. It classifies the type of work needed in various categories and then groups the work into several managerial work units.
3. It assigns the works to individuals and delegates the appropriate authority.
4. It designs a hierarchy of decision-making roles and relationships. An organization is the end result of the organizing process. Thus an organization is a whole consisting of unified parts (a system) acting in harmony to EXECUTE tasks to achieve goals- both effectively and efficiently.

‘Organisation’ is a broad term. Therefore, STUDY of the organizing process is based on a number of important concepts; such as

1. Division of labour, or specialization,
2. Use of formal organization CHARTS,
3. Chain of command,
4. Unity of command,
5. Communication channels,
6. Departmentation,
7. Levels of hierarchy,
8. Span of management,
9. Use of committees,
10. Bureaucracy, and
11. The inevitability of informal GROUPINGS.

There is need for an organization whenever groups of people work together to reach common goals. Thus, in essence, organization is a group of individuals with a common goal, bound together by a set of authority-responsibility relationships. One of the functions of management is to coordinate available resources of an organization for effective operations.

Thus, organizing is the management function that establishes relationships between activity and authority. It refers to four distinct activities :

‘Organisation’ is a broad term. Therefore, study of the organizing process is based on a number of important concepts; such as