Define Valency and explain with example.

1.	Define Valency and explain with example.
Answer» Valency Valency is the combining capacity of an element. For metals it is the number of electrons lost during chemical combination while for nonmetals it is the number of electrons gained during chemical combination. When metals combine with hydrogen, they show a valency corresponding to group number, & nonmetals show a valency equal to (8 – group number). Thus, valency of an element with respect to hydrogen increases from 1 to 4 and then falls from 4 to 1 across a period. All elements when combining with oxygen can show a valency corresponding to group number. For example, phosphorus forms phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), where the valency of P is 5 & corresponds to its group number (V A). While combining with hydrogen, phosphorus forms phosphine (PH₃) where it shows a valency of 3 (8- group number)

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Valency

Valency is the combining capacity of an element. For metals it is the number of electrons lost during chemical combination while for nonmetals it is the number of electrons gained during chemical combination.

When metals combine with hydrogen, they show a valency corresponding to group number, & nonmetals show a valency equal to (8 – group number).

Thus, valency of an element with respect to hydrogen increases from 1 to 4 and then falls from 4 to 1 across a period.

All elements when combining with oxygen can show a valency corresponding to group number.

For example,

phosphorus forms phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), where the valency of P is 5 & corresponds to its group number (V A). While combining with hydrogen, phosphorus forms phosphine (PH₃) where it shows a valency of 3 (8- group number)

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