1.

Derive de Broglie equation and give its significance.

Answer»

Solution :(1)Louis de Boglie extended the concept of dual nature of light to all form of matter.To quantufy this relation,he derived an equation for the wavelength of a matter WAVE.
(2)He combined the following two equations of energy of which one represents wave charater(hv) and the other represents the particle nature `(MC^(2))`.
Planck.s quantum hypothesis:
E=hv.......(1)
Einsteins mass-energy relationship:
`E=mc^(2)`...............(2)From (1) and (2)
hv=`mc^(2)`
`hc/gamma=mc^(2)`
`therefore gamma=mc^(2)`...........(3)
THe equation (3) represents the wavelength of photons whose momentum is given by mc.(Photons have zero rest mass.)
(3)For a particle of mater with mass m and moving with a VELOCITY v,the equation(3) can be written as`gamma=h/(MV)`...........(4)
(4)This is valid only when the particle travels at speed much less than the speed of light.
(5)This equation implies that a moving particle can be considered as wave and a wave can exhibit the properties of a particle(i.e.momentum).
(6)Significance of de BROGLIE equation:
For a particle with high liner momentum,the wavelength will be too small cannot be observed,For a microscpic particle such as an electron,the mass is `9.1xx10^(-31)`kg.Hence the wavelength is much larger than the size of atom and it becomes significant.


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