1. Illiteracy: More than 23 crore people of India are illiterate. Around 60 women out of 100 are illiterate. Illiteracy gives rise to unemployment which becomes a reason for poverty. An illiterate person hardly knows about the progression opportunities available in the country. Except this democratic system will become successful if people would be literate.

An illiterate person is unaware of his rights and duties as well.
Governmental Efforts: Indian Government is taking certain steps to remove illiteracy from the country :

• There is a provision in our Constitution to give free and compulsory education to children upto the age of 14 years.
• Indian government gives scholarships to poor and intelligent students.
• The Indian government has also started adult education in the country. National Adult Education Programme was started on 2nd October 1978 A.D. National Literacy Mission was started in 1988 A.D. Many Adult education centres were established under this mission.
• Many educational programmes, related to illiterate adults, are being broadcast on All India Radio and Doordarshan. Their main objective is to literate every person in the country.

2. Increasing Population: India is facing a problem of the increasing population these days. The speed of the increasing population in India is too much that it is very difficult to stop this speed by the government. According to the census of 2011 A.D., India’s population was 121.02 crores. Our population is increasing by lakhs every year.

Causes: There are certain reasons for increasing population in the country:

• The death rate is decreasing due to the improvement of medical facilities. About 25 years ago this death rate was 33 per thousand. But now it has been reduced to 9 per thousand. In earlier times, many diseases were there like the plague, malaria, etc. because of which thousands of people used to die. But now these diseases have been controlled to a great extent.
• Marriage is less age is one of the reasons for the increasing population. Many rural families used to prefer child marriages which result in the growth of the population.
• People don’t like to use family planning due to ignorance and religious reasons.
• Many poor people think that more children will help in an increase in the income of the family. That’s why parents like to give birth to more children.

Losses and solution: The increasing population is the basic reason for many problems like poverty, unemployment, etc. All the developmental plans become useless with the increasing population. These problems could be solved at a government level. People could be told about the losses of increasing population and government can propagate in favour of small family.