An ecosystem has two types of components biotic and abiotic.

(1) Biotic components:- 

There are living organisms present in an ecosystem. On the basis of their obtaining food, biotic components are of 3 types – produces, consumers and decomposers. 

Producers – They are autotrophic components that includes phytoplankton, some algae floating, submerged and marginal plants.

The consumers are the organism like zooplankton, free swimming animals, bottom dwelling animals etc consumes producers as their food.

The decomposers are organisms (saprophytic) which obtain nourishment from organic remains they digest the organic remains by digestive enzyme and liberates inorganic nutrients. Because of this decomposers are called as mineralisers.

2. Abiotic components:- 

They are factors and materials of the physical environment. The materials include inorganic nutrients and organic remains. The organic remains consists of human substances, carbohydrate, lipide, proteins 

etc. The abiotic materials are air, water and soil.