Modern Period: German geographer Humboldt, Ritter, Phrobell, Pashell, Richthofen and Ratzel started this period. Human geography developed more in France. Raxel, Vidal de La Blache, Brunsh, De – Marton, Demanzia and Frabe wrote many books on human geography. Human geography developed rapidly in America and Britain, also. In America, Ellen Semple, Huntington, Bomen, Carl Souer, Griffith Taylor, and in Britain, Herbertson, Mackinder, Roxbi and Fluer contributed more in the development of human geography.

In 20th century, human geography developed in almost every country. Fredrick Ratzel who is regarded to be the founder of modern human geography, laid emphasis on synthetic study of human societies and mutual relationship with surface of the earth. In the beginning of this period, human studied the line of thinking of environment relationship according to determinism, possibilism and neo – determinism.

In determinism, nature was supposed to be more effective, while in possibilism, human was supposed to be more effective. In the beginning of the 21st century, according to neo – determinism, emphasis was laid on the interrelationship between both the nature and the human. This line of thinking is known as stop-and-go. The founder of neo-dectrminism was Griffith Taylor.

In the decade of 1930, human geography was divided into cultural geography and economic geography. Due to increasing trend of specialisation, many sub – branches of human geography originated, in which, political geography, social geography, medicinal geography are included.