1. Poverty: Large sections of our societies live in the villages and their major occupation is agriculture. They rely upon monsoon which is quite irregular. Hence, the output is very low. As a result, more than 1 /5^th of total population is living below poverty line. Poverty denies access to good health, sanitation facilities and basic infrastructure necessary for personalities development.

2. Population explosion: Census Reports of 2011 prove that India is overpopulated (1.2 billion). Though a resource, it is not properly utilized to strengthen the nation. Population explosion has led to unemployment, housing shortage, shortage of food and other basic amenities.

3. Regional imbalance: All the regions of our country are evenly developing. This leads to separatist tendencies that curbs national development. e.g. Marathawada and Vidharbha in Maharashtra, Telangana region in Andhra Pradesh, Korapaf and Kalahandi region in Odisha, North Eastern region and Gorkha hill areas.

4. Social and political disturbances: In India, social and political disturbances have become common in recent years causing tension. Assam, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Kerala have become communally sensitive states. Likewise, caste conflicts, terrorism, the centre-state and interstate disputes have affected nation’s march towards development.

5. Political crisis: The coalition politics and the emergence of too many political parties, regional and sectarian feelings have created political parties, regional and sectarian feelings have created political crises on many occasions.

The vested interests have prevented the parliament and state legislatures to enact necessary laws for the development of nation. Money power and muscle power have led to the growth of leaders without principles and it has become a gainful employment.

Remedies:

1. Political stability: The government elected by the people has to continue for the full term so as to adopt and implement the policies for development. Frequent changes in government result in slow development and political uncertainty. In order to maintain political stability. The Constitution Review Commission headed by Justice M.N. 

Venkatachalaiah suggested the adoption of constructive vote of no-confidence system in 2002.

2. Selection of priorities: The government has to choose the areas of priority necessary for nation-building. These priorities are to be decided on the basis of the needs of the people. Infrastructure, education, transport, employment, agriculture, industries and health services may be accorded priorities for national development.

3. Effective implementation of plans: Since April 2012, Twelfth Five Year Plan is under progress. To fill gap of the previous plans, it is aimed at channelising the sources and implementing effectively.

4. Mixed economy: Public and private partnership not only strengthens the economy but also contributes for its substance. The contribution of the private enterprises has been phenomenal in the economic front. Eg. Tata’s Birla’s Wipro, Infosys and other have not only generated employment but also contributed for economic progress.

5. Implementation of Directive Principles of State Policy: Part IV of the Indian Constitution emphasizes the establishment of socio-economic democracy through the adoption of revolutionary policies. Concentration of wealth in a few hands is an obstacle for the development of SCs, STs and backward classes to implement the ideals of egalitarian type of society. Hence, implementation of Directive principles of State Policy is necessary at this juncture.

6. Role of civil society: In India civil society organization are playing an important role in nation-building. They are fighting against political and administrative corruption, Red Tapism, political apathy and anti- people polices. These activities need to be strengthened to hasten the process of national development.

Movements like India against corruption, association for democratic reforms. Election watch and other NGOs are playing constructive role in this direction. Nation-building is a long and challenging process. It requires charismatic and dynamic political leadership, competent civil services, active participation of the people and vigilant media.