Central Administration system was established in India during Mauiyas. Though all the powers were centralized in King but he was not autocrat. Kautilya has illustrated seven organs of state; King, Amatya, Janapada, Durga, Kosha, Sena and Mitra. King appointed the chief minister and Purohita after thorough checking. This process was known as Updha Parikshan (observation). These were the integral members of the ministry. Beside ministry there was Parisha Mantrinah which was like a ministers council (Mantri Parishad).

Central Administration : In arthshastra there is illustration of 18 departments, which are called Teerth’. The President of the Teerth is called Mahamatra. The most important Teerths were Mantri, Purohita, Senapati and Yuvraj.

Samaharla : Its function was to collect revenue, keeping detail of income and expenditure, preparing Annual Budget,

Sannidhata (Treasurer) : Maintaining of treasury and granary in different departments of empire. In Arthshastra 26 head of the departments is mentioned.

Regional Administration : There is illustration of 5 regions in Magadha empire in Ashoka’s period – Uttarpath (Taxila), Avanti Rashtra (Ujjayani), Kalinga (Tosli), Dakshinapath (Suvarngiri), Madhya Pradesh (Patliputra). Administration of regions was looked after by the Aryaputra post holders or princes. Prantas were divided into subjects (Vishyas) which were under Vishyapaties.

City Administration : According to Magasthanese a city administration was managed by mandal of 30 members, which was divided into 6 samities.

Military Management : There was a separate department for the organization of the army. It was divided into six samities. Each Samiti had 5 members. These samities looked after 5 departments of the army.

Judiciary System : Samrat was the highest officer of Judicial administration. At lower level were Grama courts, where Gramnl and Gram Vridh (senior citizens) gave their decision. Above them were Sangrahan, Dronmukh local and Janapada courts. At the top most was the central court of Patliputra. Except Gram Sangh and king’s court all other courts were of two types Dharmsthiya, Kanthak Shodhan.

Mauryan Society : Kautilya’s Arthashastra, Magasthanese’s Indica and Ashoka’s edicts gave information about the social system of Maurya period. Kautilya has considered Varna system as the base of social organization. Kautilya has fixed the occupations of all four Varnas. Beside four Vamas, Kautilya has mentioned other castes also like – Nishad, Parsnav, Rathkar, Kshata, Vedehak, Suta, Chandala, etc. In Magasthenese’s Indica classification of the Indian society is done into seven castes – Darshnik, Kisan, Pashupalak, Shikari, Artisans or Shilpi, soldier, Inspector, Sabhasad and other administrative class. Magasthenese has forgotten the differences of caste, varna and trade in his classification.

In Maurya period status of women cannot be said to be, still they were in good position compared to Smriti period and they were allowed to remarry and Nujoga.