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Answer» (i) Apoenzyme and Coenzyme, | S. No. | Apoenzyme | Coenzyme | | (i) | Apoenzyme is the protein part of enzyme composed of only amino acids. | Coenzyme is the non- protein organic part of the enzyme which is attached to the apoenzyme to form the conjugated protein | | (ii) | Larger in size | It is smaller in size. | | (iii) | Specific for an enzyme. | It can function as a cofactor for a number of enzymes carrying out specific type of function. | | (iv) | Apoenzyme is responsible for catalytic activity of the enzyme. | Coenzyme takes part in the removal of the product of reaction. |
(ii) Competitive inhibition and Allosteric inhibition, | S.No | Competitive inhibition | Allosteric inhibition | | (i) | No regulatory function. | Regulation of the metabolic activity by stopping the excess formation of the product. | | (ii) | Binds with active site. | Binds with some other site except active site. | | (iii) | Inhibitor shows very close resemblance to the substrate in structural organisation. | Inhibitor shows no resemblance to the substrate. | | (iv) | Inhibitor is not a product of metabolic pathway | Inhibitor is a product or intermediate of metabolic pathway. |
(iii) Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides, | S.No. | Oligosaccharides | Polysaccharides | | (i) | Soluble in water. | Not soluble in water | | (ii) | Consist of 2-9 monosaccharide units. | Consist of many monosaccharide units. | | (iii) | Sweet in taste | Tasteless. | | (iv) | Micromolecules of the cell. | Macromolecules of the cell. | | (v) | Example : Sucrose, maltose and lactose. | Example : Glycogen, starch and cellulose. |
(iv) Coenzyme and Prosthetic group, | Coenzyme | Prosthetic group | | It is a non-protein group which is loosely attached to the open end in a functional enzyme. | It is a non-protein part or group which gets attached to open enzyme. | | NAD is coenzyme for dehydrogenases of the cytochromes. | Some prosthetic groups have metals e.g., iron porphyrin. |
(v) Anabolism and Catabolism. | S.No. | Anabolism | Catabolism | | (i) | It is the constructive phase of the metabolism. | It is the destructive phase of the metabolism. | | (ii) | Diverge reaction. | Converge reactions | | (iii) | It stores energy | It releases energy. | | (iv) | e.g., Nutrition, growth etc. | e.g., Respiration. |
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