The Composition of population includes the study of Sex ratio, Literacy, age structure rural and urban population etc.

1. Sex ratio – The number of females per 1000 males is known as ‘sex ratio’.

• As per 2011 census,the averages sex ratio of the country was 940 females for every 1000 males. 
• There are 1084 females for every 1000 male in Kerala. In Contrast, Haryana has 877 females for every 1000 males.

2. Literacy – In recent years, literacy rate has increased in the country. The average literacy in 1951 was only 18.33%. It has increased to (74.4%) in 2011. Kerala with 93.91% is the high estliteracy state in lndia. In Contrast, Bihar with 63.82% is the lowest literacy state.

3. Age structure – On the basis of the age the entire population is divided into three major categories namely infants (0-14 year). Adults (15-59 years) and aged group (above 60 years).

• According to 2011 census, about 31.10% of the total population of the country is infants, 5.3% are old age and adults are only 63.60%. 
• Infants and aged people have become unproductive. 
• Thus, the number of working population is also increasing. It is highly favourable for the development of the country.

4. Rural & Urban population: According to 2011 census, in India 76.4% of the people lives in rural areas and 23.6 lives in Urban areas.

• Maharashtra has highest urban population. 
• In Contrast, Sikkim has lowest urban population. Thus, Uttar Pradesh has more rural population and Mizoram has low rural population in the country.