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Discuss the main sources of income of the state in detail.

Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/agricultural-851840" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AGRICULTURAL">AGRICULTURAL</a> was the main occupation of the settled population, since long. It also remained a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/major-552614" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MAJOR">MAJOR</a> occupation in newly acquired territories. The bulk of income of the state was derived from the agricultural land. <br/> Land was owned by the small and big farmers and in some cases by the state. After Islamic <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/conquests-929569" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CONQUESTS">CONQUESTS</a>, big estates were abandoned and acquired by the state. Later on these states were handed over to Muslim elites. The chief among them were the members of Khalifa.s (Caliph.s) army. <br/> The land conquered by the Arabs, which remained in the hands of the owners were subjected to a tax, called Kharaj, varied from `(1)/(2)" to "(1)/(5)th` of the produce. While the land cultivated by the Muslims were levied `(1)/(10)th` of tax, known as ushr as land <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/revenue-1188040" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about REVENUE">REVENUE</a>. When non-Muslims stated converting to Islam, the land revenue income fell dramatically. To meet the shortfall, the Caliphs decided to discourage the conversions and later adopted a uniform land revenue policy. <br/> After 10th century, the state authorised its officials to claim salaries from the agricultural territories called Iqtas (The person who held the Iqtas came to be known as Iqtadars). Agricultrual prosperity and political stability went hand-in-hand. To ensure agricultural prosperity it took several measures such as canals were constructed, dams were built, the digging of wells, etc. were done. Tax concessions were peasants and state people who brought land under cultivation. By the initiatives of peasants and state support the agriculture began to increase. Many new crops such as cotton, oranges, bananas, watermelon, spinach and brinjal began to grow and even exported to Europe.</body></html>


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