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Answer» Establishment of Colonies in West Europe: - The western European countries wanted to expand their empire in Asia-Africa.
- They did not spare even their neighbouring countries.
- Spain had taken control over Netherland, Belgium and Luxemburg.
- Portugal came under the rule of the Spanish king because of his blood relation.
- Italy and German states became the victim of the greed of the France and Austria.
- When European powers were tightening their grip over the Asian and African nations, many of the European nations which had become free, following the footsteps of England, made many of the Afro-Asian nation their Colonies.
Colonialism in Asia: - After strengthening its grip over India, England (British) expanded its empire to Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Singapore and Malaysia.
- England entered China also and imposing trade of opium upon China. This led opium wars.
- China lost war and thereby lost five of its ports to England where England carried on its trade and thus expanded their empire.
- Due to weakness of China, Japan, Russia, Germany, France, Belgium and America also acquired trade and political rights.
- Due to enormous oil resources of West Asia Europeans established colonies there.
- England, Germany, Russia and America established oil companies in Iran, Iraq , Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.
Colonies in Africa: - The Dutch established its colony for the first time at the end of 15th Century in South Africa.
- England and France established their colonies in Cape and Algeria in North Africa.
- King Leopold of Belgium seized the vast provinces of Congo and established his rule.
- England established its colonies in Egypt, some provinces of East Africa and some of South Africa.
- France established its colonies in Tunisia, Morocco and West Africa provinces.
- Germany established its empire in some provinces of East and West Africa.
- Italy captured the African provinces around the Red sea.
- After the end of Berlin Conference, the African territories were divided among the European nations.
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