1.

Discuss the reason behind the classification of inductive effect into +I and -I effect .

Answer»

Solution :The inductive effect represents the ability of a particular atom or a group to either withdraw or donate electron density to the attached carbon +I groups and -I groups . Their ability to relese or withdraw the electron through sigma covalent bond is caled -I effict and -I effect respectively.
Higher the electronegativity of the substitutent greater is the -I effect . The order of the the -I effect of some groups ae GIVEN below
` NH_(3) gt NO_(2) gt CN gt SO_(3) H gt CHO `
Highly electropositive atoms and atoms are groups which carry a negative charge are electron donating or + I groups .
Example : Alkali metals , ALKYL group such METHYL , ethyl , negatively charged group such as ` CH_(3) O , C_(2) H_(5) O , COO ` ETC .
Lesser the electronegative of the elements , greater is the + I effect . The relative order of +I effect of some alkyl groups below
`-C (CH_(3))_(3) gt - CH(CH_(3))_(2) gt - CH_(2) CH_(3) gt - CH_(3)`


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